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NEW QUESTION # 20
Which of the following is not true regarding applying a model-based approach, e.g., TMMi, for improvements at project level?
- A. Practices at organisational level should be tailored appropriate to the project's context
- B. The assessment should include areas such as test policy and test organisation
- C. The assessment should include test management processes such as test planning and test monitoring and control
- D. The assessment should include test engineering processes such as test design, test implementation and test execution
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager v3.0 syllabus:
The syllabus distinguishesorganizational-levelprocess areas (e.g.,test policy, test organization) fromproject- levelprocess areas (e.g.,test planning, monitoring/control; test design, implementation, execution) when applyingmodel-based improvementssuch as TMMi at different scopes.
Atproject level, assessments focus onproject processes and practices;test policyandtest organizationareorganizationalconcerns, not a correct inclusion for a project-level assessment.
Therefore,C is not truefor a project-level model-based improvement focus.A and Bare correct inclusions at project scope, andDis consistent with the syllabus guidance totailor organizational practices to the project context.
(References: CTAL-TM v3.0 Syllabus - Chapter 2 "Test Management in the Organization" - improvement approaches and scopes; descriptions contrasting organizational vs. project-level process areas and the use of model-based frameworks such as TMMi.)
NEW QUESTION # 21
Analytical test improvement approaches identify problems based on data from the project or team.
Appropriate improvements can be derived from an analysis of the identified set of problems.
Which of the following is not an example of an analytical-based test process improvement approach?
- A. Quantitative TPI NEXT assessment
- B. The Goal Question Metric (GQM) approach
- C. Root cause analysis
- D. Analysis using measures, metrics and indicators
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager v3.0 syllabus:
The syllabus classifies improvement approaches includinganalytical approaches(e.g.,root cause analysis, GQM, andanalysis of measures/metrics/indicators) that derive improvements byanalysing project/team data.
Model-basedapproaches (e.g.,TMMi,TPI NEXT) are a distinct category that evaluate practicesagainst a reference modelrather than primarily deriving improvements from project data analysis.
Hence,B (Quantitative TPI NEXT assessment)ismodel-based, not ananalyticalapproach;A, C, and Dare analytical.
(References: CTAL-TM v3.0 Syllabus - Chapter 2 "Test Management in the Organization" - improvement approaches: analytical vs. model-based vs. other; examples provided for each category.)
NEW QUESTION # 22
You are involved in the selection of a test management tool and have decided to calculate the ROI for the two potential tools: TestMaker and ImproveIT.
TestMaker is priced at €15,000 with yearly maintenance costs of €1,500. Its traceability to requirements feature is strong and the defect management process can easily be customised to meet the needs of the organisation. Effort for test management activities is expected to decrease by 20%.
ImproveIT is priced at €20,000 with yearly maintenance costs of €2,500. Its traceability feature is also strong and has a high level of usability. It also has interesting options for adding extensions to its features in the future. Effort for test management activities is expected to decrease by 30%.
Based on the calculated ROI, which tool would you suggest?
- A. ImproveIT
- B. None of the tools, since they do not provide a positive ROI
- C. There is too little information to accurately calculate the ROIs
- D. TestMaker
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager v3.0 syllabus:
InTest Tool and Automation, the syllabus states that determining thebusiness case/ROIfor a tool requires identifying and quantifyingall relevant costs(acquisition, maintenance,training,pilot/rollout,integration, customization) andbenefits(e.g.,effort reductionacross activities, quality and cycle-time gains), then comparing them over a defined period within the organization's context. A % effort reduction alone is insufficient without knowing thebaseline effort/cost, number of users, training/transition costs, and implementation scope. Therefore, ROI cannot be accurately computed with the given data.
(Reference: CTAL-TM v3.0 -Test Tool and Automation: tool selection and introduction; establishing a business case/ROI by quantifying costs and benefits; considering acquisition, maintenance, training, pilot, integration, process changes, and productivity gains.)
NEW QUESTION # 23
For which type of testing would a test manager be involved with establishing benchmarks?
- A. Functional Testing
- B. Testing Black-box
- C. Non-Functional Testing
- D. White-box Testing
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager v3.0 syllabus:
WithinTest Planning(Chapter:Test Planning, Monitoring, and Control), the syllabus describes that the test manager defines the test approach fornon-functional quality characteristics(e.g., performance, load, scalability, reliability). For these, the test manager oftensets or references benchmarks/baselines and success criteria(e.g., response-time thresholds, throughput targets) to evaluate system behavior under specified conditions. Establishing and usingbenchmarksis a hallmark ofnon-functional testing, particularlyperformance testing.
(Reference: CTAL-TM v3.0 Syllabus - Chapter "Test Planning, Monitoring, and Control", subsections on defining the test approach for non-functional testing and specifying success criteria/benchmarks.)
NEW QUESTION # 24
You are a tester working in an Agile team for the tax office. Developers on the team have been trained and are experienced in component testing, including various types of code coverage and reviews. The test policy has a clear statement that shift-left is a main focus in trying to achieve software quality. The team is currently developing a new version of the critical income tax application.
Which test activities would you propose to mitigate the risks for the most critical features in the new version of the income tax application?
- A. Introduce IEC 61508 as a standard to follow, prescribing the test techniques and required level of coverage
- B. Introduce formal test design techniques, e.g., decision tables and equivalence partitioning, during system testing
- C. Introduce code reviews and statement coverage criteria
- D. Define strict entry and exit criteria between the various test levels
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager v3.0 syllabus:
The syllabus emphasizes applyingappropriate test design techniquesbased onriskandtest level. In an Agile, shift-left context where developers already performcomponent testingwithcoverage and reviews, the incremental risk mitigation forcritical business featuresatsystem levelcomes from applyingsystem-appropriate formal test design techniques(e.g.,equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, decision tables) to ensure thorough functional coverage of critical logic and business rules.
Option A (strict entry/exit criteria) is a control mechanism but does not directly enhance thoroughness for critical features.
Option B (IEC 61508) is asafetystandard not appropriate for a tax application and would be disproportionate.
Reference: ISTQB CTAL-TM v3.0 Syllabus, Chapter 3 (Test Planning, Monitoring, and Control) on selectingtest design techniquesby level and risk; Chapter 4 (Risk-Based Testing) on focusingadditional test design rigoronhigh-riskfeatures; Agile testing alignment in the syllabus sections that highlightshift-leftand tailoring practices per level.
NEW QUESTION # 25
You are the only tester in an Agile team. The test policy states that only defects that need to be solved outside the team are documented. You are receiving complaints from developers from other teams that they do not receive sufficient defect information to be able to efficiently and effectively solve the defects. You have used the ISO 29119 standard to identify which attributes could be added to the current defect report template.
Which two of the following options would be best to add to the current defect report template to solve the current issue?
- A. How to reproduce the defect
- B. The name of the tester that found the defect
- C. Test level where the defect was found
- D. Configuration in which the defect was found
- E. Severity of the defect
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager v3.0 syllabus:
In theTesting Process(defect management and reporting), the syllabus emphasizes that defect reports must containsufficient information to allow effective reproduction and diagnosisand that they should includeenvironment/configuration detailsrelevant to reproducing the failure and isolating the underlying defect. Concretely, the syllabus highlights information such assteps to reproduce,observed and expected results, andtest environment/configurationas essential elements to enable teams (especially external teams) to analyze and fix defects efficiently. Therefore, addingHow to reproduce the defect (B)and theConfiguration in which the defect was found (E)most directly addresses the complaint of insufficient information for external developers.
(ISTQB CTAL-TM v3.0 - Chapter "Testing Process": defect reporting content and quality; importance of reproducibility and environment details in defect reports.)
NEW QUESTION # 26
You are a tester working in an Agile team in the finance domain. The team consists of 6 members, and you are the only tester. The team is responsible for the development and maintenance of a mobile front-end application. The application is considered to be critical with respect to customer impact and market branding.
You have been asked to identify which test management activity needs to be performed within the team to enhance test maturity and achieve a higher level of product quality.
Which test management activity would you recommend the team should adopt?
- A. Define quality criteria for user stories and acceptance criteria
- B. Perform product risk identification and analysis
- C. Provide detailed estimations early for each test level
- D. Increase coverage by automating more tests
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager v3.0 syllabus:
The syllabus positionsproduct risk analysisas a core activity for test managers toprioritize testing and allocate effort. Performingproduct risk identification and analysisdrives the selection of features, levels, and test types to focus on, informs coverage depth, and guides where to automate for maximum value. While defining acceptance criteria (A) is important and often handled during backlog refinement, and automation (D) is valuable, withoutrisk analysisthe team cannot ensure efforts target the most critical quality risks-especially forhigh-impact, customer-facing mobile applications(CTAL-TM v3.0 Syllabus, chapter on Risk-Based Testing: risk identification, analysis, and applying risk to test prioritization and coverage).
NEW QUESTION # 27
The following defect management process is in use at a company... What is the most important recommendation you would make for the defect report template in this process?
- A. Add a classification field for the type of incident
- B. Automate the incident numbering
- C. Add a lifecycle phase field to document when the defect is found
- D. Add a priority field to show how quickly it needs fixing
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager v3.0 syllabus:
For effectivedefect management and control, the report needs information that supportsprioritization and scheduling of fixes. The syllabus emphasizes fields such aspriority/severity, status, environment, and reproducibility to supportplanning, monitoring, and controldecisions. In the described process, addingpriorityis most critical to drivetimely assignment and fixing order(Chapter 5: Test Monitoring, Control, and Reporting - defect reporting to support control; Chapter 3: Test Planning - using priorities to allocate effort).
NEW QUESTION # 28
During a test process improvement initiative, defect information is gathered to perform defect cluster analysis.
Which aspect is most likely being targeted for improvement?
- A. To better understand risk and focus testing, as part of risk-based testing.
- B. To minimise the costs associated with defects.
- C. To reduce the total number of defects.
- D. To improve the defect removal efficiency.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager v3.0 syllabus:
Defect clustering (e.g., Pareto-style concentration of defects in certain components) is used to informrisk- based testingso that testing can beprioritized and focused on the riskiest areasof the product. In the CTAL-TM v3 syllabus, the test manager uses defect data and trends toprioritize test effort, allocate test depth/techniques where risk is higher, and provide traceable justification in planning and control (Chapter 4: Risk-Based Testing and effort allocation; Chapter 3: Test Planning - using historical/defect data to shape the approach and focus).
NEW QUESTION # 29
Ability to act with confidence is an important skill for a person to perform successfully in a project or team.
To which area of competence does "ability to act with confidence" belong?
- A. Social competence
- B. Methodological competence
- C. Personal competence
- D. Professional competence
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager v3.0 syllabus:
InPeople Skills - Team Composition, the syllabus distinguishes four competence areas.Personal competencecovers attributes such asself-confidence,resilience, self-management, and ownership-traits related to how an individual conducts themselves. "Ability to act with confidence" is therefore categorized underpersonal competence, not methodological (techniques), professional (domain/technical knowledge), or social (interaction with others).
(ISTQB CTAL-TM v3.0 - Chapter "People Skills - Team Composition": competence categories and examples; self-confidence falls underpersonal competence.)
NEW QUESTION # 30
Which of the following is not a key decision when defining a project test strategy?
- A. Selection of test tools
- B. Selection of test types
- C. Selection of test levels
- D. Selection of test techniques
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager v3.0 syllabus:
In the AL Test Manager syllabus, defining the project test strategy/approach focuses onwhatto test andhowto test at a high level, which explicitly includes decisions such asthe selection of test levels,the selection of test types, andthe selection of test design techniquesas part of the approach definition and planning. Tool decisions are addressed undertest tools and automation planningand are not listed among the core strategy- defining decisions.
References: ISTQB CTAL-TM v3.0 Syllabus-Chapter 2 (Test Management in the Organization: policy
/strategy alignment and strategy content), Chapter 3 (Test Planning: test approach content including levels, types, techniques), and Chapter 6 (Test Tool and Automation: tool strategy and selection).
NEW QUESTION # 31
To which category of cost of quality does "fixing a defect found during testing" belong?
- A. Appraisal costs
- B. Defect prevention costs
- C. External failure costs
- D. Internal failure costs
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager v3.0 syllabus:
The syllabus differentiatescost of qualityinto:
Prevention(to avoid defects),
Appraisal(to evaluate products, e.g., reviews, testing),
Internal failure(defectsfound before release, including the cost to fix during testing), and External failure(defects foundafter release)."Fixing a defect found during testing" is aninternal failure cost, because the failure is detected and corrected prior to delivery (CTAL-TM v3.0, Organizational Test Management - economics of testing and cost of quality categories).
NEW QUESTION # 32
Management is sceptical regarding the budget request (€25,000) for the next testing project. You are asked for a cost-benefit calculation. Based on historical data from several projects, you have come up with the following numbers:
Average prevention cost per defect: €200
Average cost of detection per defect: €400
Average cost of internal failure: €150
Average cost of external failure: €2,500
Expected number of defects to be found in this project during testing: 50 What is the result for the expected cost-benefit calculation for the upcoming project?
- A. €87,500
- B. €92,500
- C. €62,500
- D. €72,500
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager v3.0 syllabus:
Per the syllabus, when building abusiness caseusing thecost of qualitymodel, compare theavoided external failure costswith thesum of relevant pre-release costs(prevention, detection/appraisal, and internal failure). For
50 expected defects found in testing:
Avoided external failure cost= 50 × €2,500 =€125,000
Pre-release costsper defect = €200 (prevention) + €400 (detection) + €150 (internal failure) =€750 Total pre-release costs= 50 × €750 =€37,500 Net benefit (cost-benefit)= €125,000 # €37,500 =€87,500 This computation follows the syllabus' guidance to quantify bothcosts(prevention, detection, internal failure) andbenefits(external failures avoided) to demonstrate the economic value of testing.
NEW QUESTION # 33
Factors that are important to take into account when performing test estimation include:
i. The quality of the test basis
ii. The availability of test automation
iii. The amount of rework required
iv. The distribution of testing across several locations
The various factors can be grouped by characteristic. Examples of characteristics include:
- A. Test context
- B. A = iv, B = iii, C = i, D = ii
- C. Test results
- D. A = ii, B = iii, C = iv, D = i
- E. A = i, B = ii, C = iii, D = iv
- F. A = iv, B = iii, C = ii, D = i
- G. Product
- H. Development processWhich factor is related to which characteristic?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager v3.0 syllabus:
Product characteristic # quality of the test basis (C = i):The syllabus lists the quality and stability of the requirements/specifications (test basis) as a product-related estimation driver.
Test results characteristic # amount of rework (B = iii):Expected rework/defect-fix cycles and their impact on retesting and confirmation testing are identified through past results/defect patterns and directly affect estimates.
Test context characteristic # distribution across locations (A = iv):Organizational and logistical context (multiple sites, time zones, communication overhead) influences test effort.
Development process characteristic # availability of test automation (D = ii):Process/tooling capability (e.g., presence of automation frameworks) is treated as a development/process factor affecting test efficiency and thus estimation.The syllabus groups estimation drivers into characteristics such as product, development process, test results/history, and test/organizational context, and recommends mapping specific factors to these groups to structure estimation.
NEW QUESTION # 34
Assume that you have calculated the following costs of quality:
Average cost of detection: €350
Average cost of internal failure: €250
Average cost of external failure: €4,500
The average costs of detection and internal failure are calculated using the number of defects found prior to release, while the average cost of external failure is calculated using the number of defects found after release.
What is the saving in cost of quality for each defect found in testing?
- A. €4,600
- B. €3,900
- C. €5,100
- D. €4,400
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager v3.0 syllabus:
The syllabus explains thecost of quality (CoQ)perspective for testing and distinguishes betweenpre-release costs(e.g., detection/appraisal andinternal failurecosts) andpost-release costs(external failurecosts). When a defect is foundduring testing, you incur detection and internal failure costs; if it escapes to production, you incur the (typically much higher) external failure cost. Thesaving per defect found in testingis calculated as:
External failure # (Detection + Internal failure)=€4,500 # (€350 + €250) = €4,500 # €600 = €3,900.
This aligns with the syllabus guidance to quantify testing's economic value by comparing avoided external failure costs with the costs of detecting and fixing defects before release (CoQ view).
NEW QUESTION # 35
You have been contracted to manage the user acceptance testing of a new reservation system for a travel agency. The reservation system is being developed by a third party. Detailed specifications are available, and an estimate of the total development effort exists. The system will be delivered in four agreed increments.
Which of the following estimation techniques would be most appropriate to use in this context?
- A. Extrapolation
- B. Wide-band Delphi
- C. Estimation based on ratios
- D. Planning poker
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager v3.0 syllabus:
The syllabus describesratio-based estimation(e.g., estimating test effort as a proportion of known or estimated development effort) as appropriate when reliable development-effort data or estimates and clear scope are available. Here, detailed specifications exist, overall development effort is estimated, and increments are defined-conditions well-suited to ratio-based estimation.
Extrapolationrequires comparable historical test data for this context.
Wide-band Delphiis useful when data is scarce and expert consensus is needed.
Planning pokeris typically used by Agile development teams to size user stories, not for contracting UAT with a third party.
NEW QUESTION # 36
You are currently leading an independent test team. Based on the information given in the scenario, identify how the team could be improved most effectively.
- A. By providing a workshop on test design techniques
- B. By providing training in the payroll domain
- C. By providing training on reviewing requirements
- D. By providing specific training on the systems being tested
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager v3.0 syllabus:
According to theISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager v3.0 Syllabus (Chapter 7: People Skills - Team Composition), team performance can be significantly improved by ensuring that testers possess an appropriate mix ofdomain knowledge,technical skills, andinterpersonal skills.
"An effective test team requires a balance between technical knowledge, testing skills, and knowledge of the business domain." (ISTQB CTAL-TM v3.0 Syllabus, Chapter 7 - People Skills, Section: Test Team Dynamics and Skill Development) When a team lacks understanding of thebusiness domain, such as payroll in this scenario, they may:
Struggle to interpret requirements or identify key risk areas.
Miss critical business logic defects.
Design test cases that fail to cover realistic user workflows.
Therefore, the most effective improvement would betraining in the payroll domain- strengthening theirdomain expertiseto enhance test design quality, communication with stakeholders, and defect detection effectiveness.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
B). Workshop on test design techniques- Enhances technical testing skill but does not address lack of domain understanding.
C). Specific training on the systems being tested- Improves system familiarity but still lacks insight into business rules and domain-driven testing.
D). Training on reviewing requirements- Improves requirement analysis, but without domain knowledge, reviewers cannot effectively validate correctness or completeness.
References (from ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager v3.0 Syllabus):
Chapter 7:People Skills - Team Composition
Section:Test Team Dynamics and Skill Development
States thatdomain knowledge trainingis critical for tester effectiveness.
Emphasizes the need for balance amongtechnical, testing, and business knowledge.
NEW QUESTION # 37
Which of the following is a generic good practice in adopting and rolling out of a new test tool?
- A. Define guidelines for the use of the tool
- B. Understand how the tool can technically and organisationally be integrated into the software development lifecycle
- C. Identify opportunities for process improvement supported by the tool
- D. Consider the pros and cons of the various licensing models
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager v3.0 syllabus:
The syllabus onTest Tool and Automationlistsgood practices for tool adoption and rollout, including establishingusage guidelines/standardsso teams apply the tool consistently, effectively, and in alignment with the defined process and objectives. WhileBandCare also sensible activities in a broader adoption plan, thegeneric, universally applicable good practiceemphasized in ISTQB materials is todefine and communicate clear guidelines for tool use(roles, workflows, conventions, quality gates), backed by training and a measured rollout.D(licensing considerations) is a procurement detail and not a core "generic" practice highlighted for successful rollout.
Relevant syllabus areas:Test Tool and Automation-Tool selection, introduction, and successful deployment practices(guidelines, training, pilot, measured rollout, integration with process).
NEW QUESTION # 38
You have recently been employed as a test manager for a software company producing Human Resource (HR) systems... You have been asked to write a test strategy for the project and have chosen to implement a flexible and change-relatedreactive test strategy.
Which of the following would be an essential part of your test approach?
- A. Using defect-based attacks and exploratory testing
- B. Implementing ISO/IEC 29119 as a testing framework
- C. Using decision table testing, equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis
- D. Performing a detailed product risk analysis
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract of ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager v3.0 syllabus:
In areactive(change-driven) test strategy-appropriate when requirements are evolving and flexibility is essential-the syllabus highlightsexploratory testinganddefect/experience-based techniques (defect-based attacks)as key elements because they adapt rapidly to change and emerging information.
A(product risk analysis) is central torisk-based/analyticalstrategies.
B(standard-compliant framework) aligns withstandard/process-compliantstrategies.
References: ISTQB CTAL-TM v3.0 Syllabus-Chapter 4 (Approaches for test prioritization and effort allocation: strategy/approach types including reactive strategies; emphasis on exploratory and defect-based approaches under change-driven contexts).
NEW QUESTION # 39
A company that sells an established capture-replay execution tool is adding a test management tool. Same team, same technology, incremental development (V-model per increment), known first-year features; later features driven by customer demand.
Which two of the following factors are most likely to influence the estimation technique that would be selected in this scenario?
- A. Time constraints
- B. Expert availability
- C. Data availability
- D. Estimation error
- E. Knowledge in modelling
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
According to theISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager v3.0 Syllabus (Chapter 3: Test Planning, Monitoring, and Control), the choice oftest estimation techniquedepends on several influencing factors, including data availability, expert availability, and knowledge of historical information or models.
"The selection of a suitable estimation approach (metrics-based or expert-based) depends on factors such as the availability of relevant historical data, the availability of experts with appropriate experience, the time available to perform estimation, and the knowledge of applicable models." (ISTQB CTAL-TM v3.0 Syllabus, Chapter 3 - Test Planning, Section: Test Estimation) Analysis for this scenario:
* The organization isadding a test management toolto anexisting productusing thesame team and technology- implyingavailability of previous project datafrom similar development work.#Data availability(B) is a significant factor, enabling the use ofmetrics-based estimation.
* Thesame experienced teamis working on the project, meaningdomain and technical expertsare available.#Expert availability(C) also influences estimation and may support anexpert-based estimationapproach for new, customer-driven increments.
Therefore, the combination ofdata availability (B)andexpert availability (C)most strongly influences the estimation technique to be applied in this scenario.
Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:
* A. Estimation error- This is a result of estimation, not a factor influencing the choice of estimation technique.
* D. Knowledge in modelling- While useful, modelling is not central to this specific context because data and experts are readily available.
* E. Time constraints- Not highlighted as a limiting factor in this scenario; estimation can be planned adequately given the context.
References (from ISTQB Certified Tester Advanced Level - Test Manager v3.0 Syllabus):
* Chapter 3: Test Planning, Monitoring, and Control
* Section:Test Estimation
* Lists influencing factors for selecting estimation techniques:availability of historical data, expert knowledge, applicable models, and time available for estimation.
NEW QUESTION # 40
......
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