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NEW QUESTION 67
An airplane engine manufacturer developed a new engine model with safety features lacking in the earlier model, which was still being manufactured. During the first year that both were sold, the earlier model far outsold the new model; the manufacturer thus concluded that safety was not the customers' primary consideration.
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the manufacturer's conclusion?
- A. Many customers of this airplane engine manufacturer also bought airplane engines from manufacturers who did not provide additional safety features in their newer models.
- B. There was no significant difference in price between the newer engine model and the earlier engine model.
- C. The newer engine model can be used in all planes in which the earlier engine model can be used.
- D. Many customers consider earlier engine models better safety risks than new engine models, since more is usually known about the safety of the earlier models.
- E. Both private plane owners and commercial airlines buy engines from this airplane engine manufacturer.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 68
Which of the following does the passage suggest is true?
- A. Metamaterials are primarily of use in construction of buildings that need to be shielded from some forms of EMR.
- B. Mirages involve a change in the direction of microwaves.
- C. Microwave radiation behaves in some ways like visible light.
- D. No metamaterial had been constructed before the one used to cloak microwaves.
- E. Light crossing the boundary between warm air and cooler air bends at an extreme angle.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Consider a mirage on a hot toad: when light rays hit the hot air just above the surface, they bend. Although light moves through a vacuum at a certain constant speed, it moves more slowly through any transparent medium, such as water or gas. Light travels faster in the thin air near the road than it does in the colder, denser air above, and the difference in speed makes it shift direction as it crosses the boundary between the two. Rays once headed downwards from the sky are redirected to your eye, hiding part of the road with a shimmering image.
A research team has constructed an apparatus to cloak an object from electromagnetic radiation (EMR)-in this case, microwaves-making the object 'invisible" to microwave-based detection devices, somewhat as a mirage on a hot road makes the road invisible. The apparatus bends incoming microwaves around the object, using a class of recently created metamaterials-materials that gain certain desired properties directly from their engineered structures rather than from their composition. These metamaterials possess the ability, not found in nature, to bend microwaves at extreme angles. The metamaterial in this case-thin, rigid sheets of fiberglass insulator stamped with conducting loops, coils, and tiny rectangles-was designed to control the movement of incoming EMR.
NEW QUESTION 69
Using art to condemn the moral shortcomings of society is nothing new. English artist William Hogarth (1697 - 1764) was renowned for prints that revealed the moral lapses of eighteenth-century England.
Despite the fact that Hogarth enjoyed the patronage of England's wealthier citizens, he did not shrink away from producing scathing depictions of all levels of English society.
In the ten-print series Industry and Idleness, Hogarth presents two apprentices who begin working side by side only to arrive at vastly different ends. The first apprentice is portrayed as a morally incorruptible, diligent worker. He is promoted, marries his boss's daughter, and achieves great distinction and financial success. The other apprentice does little work and engages in many unsavory activities. He is fired from his apprenticeship and continues down a path of illicit behavior and corruption. The series comes to a climax when the two former coworkers are reunited with the industrious apprentice - now elevated to alderman - standing in judgment of the idle coworker brought before him for murder. The idle apprentice is sentenced to death and executed, whereas the industrious apprentice goes on to become Lord Mayor of London. Among Hogarth's most popular series was The Rake's Progress, which tells the story of wealthy Tom Rakewell. In the first of eight prints, Tom inherits a large sum of money that he foolishly spends on enhancing his image and prestige in superficial ways. His prodigal ways lead to his rapid decline as he is arrested for debt and in return marries an old maid for her money. He begins gambling, is imprisoned, and eventually goes insane in Bedlam. Tom's descent and desperate outcome, like many of Hogarth's subjects, is tied directly to moral corruption and poor self-discipline. It is interesting that Hogarth's prints were extremely popular in his day. Whatever the moral shortcomings of eighteenth-century England, its citizens welcomed Hogarth's social critiques and harsh judgments.
According to the passage, Hogarth's prints
- A. often offended his wealthy patrons.
- B. were extremely controversial.
- C. are extremely valuable today.
- D. portrayed many different kinds of moral corruption.
- E. focused on the weak and disenfranchised.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The passage states that Hogarth's prints were "scathing depictions of all levels of English society," and it offers examples of several different kinds of moral corruption (the apprentice who "engages in many unsavory activities" and the wealthy Tom Rakewell who spends his money foolishly, marries for money, and gambles). Because of these examples, you know choice b is incorrect. Hogarth's work may have been controversial (choice c), but this is not indicated in the passage. The passage also does not imply that his works offended his wealthy patrons (choice d). You might also infer that his works are very valuable (choice e), but the passage does not mention this either.
NEW QUESTION 70
People can debate the aesthetic merits of these overwrought, disquieting, sometimes gruesome works of art, but no one can dispute their creators' mastery of the paintbrush as a blunt instrument.
- A. but no one can dispute their creators' mastery of the paintbrush as a blunt instrument.
- B. but none can dispute to their creators' mastery of the paintbrush as a blunt instrument.
- C. but no person can dispute their creators' mastery of the paintbrush as a blunt instrument.
- D. but none can dispute their creators' mastery of the paintbrush as a blunt instrument.
- E. but not a one can dispute their creators' mastery of the paintbrush as a blunt instrument.
Answer: D
Explanation:
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Explanation:
The best answer is B.
The use of none is idiomatically correct. Choice E is incorrect because dispute can only be followed by a direct object.
NEW QUESTION 71
Of course, the Task Force on Crime is going to conclude that crime is on the way up. If they conclude it's on the way down, they would have to disband, wouldn't they?
Which of the following assumptions is most pivotal to this argument?
- A. The Task Force wants to hire more police officers and other law enforcement personnel.
- B. The speaker was not asked to serve on the Task Force.
- C. The Task Force is led by an adversary of the speaker.
- D. The speaker's leadership ability will be questioned by the findings of the Task Force.
- E. The Task Force is more concerned with its own existence than with carrying out its mission.
Answer: E
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
This argument assumes that the main concern of the Task Force is its own existence. The speaker assumes that the Task Force will present findings that would ensure that the Task Force is not disbanded.
The passage did not identify the speaker's relationship to the leader of the Task Force (choice b) or indicate that the speaker was not asked to join the Task Force (choice c). Neither of these assumptions makes a logical connection between the premise and conclusion of the argument. It is possible that the speaker's leadership ability will be questioned by the Task Force findings (choice d) or that the Task Force wants to hire more police officers (choice e), but these two assumptions also do not link the premise and conclusion.
NEW QUESTION 72
Common stocks, which are shares of ownership in a corporation, is the most direct way to participate in the fortunes of a company.
- A. is the most direct way for participating in the fortunes of a company.
- B. is the most direct way to participate in the fortunes of a company
- C. are the most direct way for participating in the fortunes of a company.
- D. are the most direct way to participate in the fortunes of a company.
- E. is the most direct way of participating in the fortunes of a company.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The sentence has a plural subject, common stocks, therefore it needs the plural form of the verb: are.
NEW QUESTION 73
Buoyed by stability and economic growth at home, Russia has developed a foreign policy that seeks to reestablish its place as a key actor on the world stage.
- A. Held high by its own stability and economic growth, Russia has developed a foreign policy that seeks to once again restore its key place acting on the world stage.
- B. Through stability and economic growth at home, Russia invigorated a foreign policy that desires reestablishment of its place as a key actor on the world stage.
- C. Buoyed by stability and economic growth at home, Russia has developed a foreign policy that seeks to reestablish its place as a key actor on the world stage.
- D. Given that it is stable at home and with economic growth, Russia has developed a foreign policy that seeks to restore its place being a key actor throughout the world stage.
- E. Russia has developed a foreign policy seeking to reestablish its place as a key actor on the world stage elevated by stability and economic growth at home.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 74
In a survey in which people were asked what would improve public school education, 76 percent cited higher teacher pay and 65 percent cited using standardized tests. What percent of those surveyed cited higher teacher pay but did not cite using standardized tests?
(1) 52 percent of those surveyed cited both higher teacher pay and using standardized tests.
(2) 11 percent of those surveyed cited neither higher teacher pay nor using standardized tests.
- A. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
- B. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
- C. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
- D. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
- E. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE Is sufficient.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 75
In the years since the city of London imposed strict air-pollution regulations on local industry, the number of bird species seen in and around London has increased dramatically. Similar air-pollution rules should be imposed in other major cities.
Each of the following is an assumption made in the argument above EXCEPT:
- A. The air-pollution problems of other major cities are basically similar to those once suffered by London.
- B. The increased sightings of bird species in and around London reflect an actual increase in the number of species in the area.
- C. In most major cities, air-pollution problems are caused almost entirely by local industry.
- D. Air-pollution regulations on industry have a significant impact on the quality of the air.
- E. An increase in the number of bird species in and around a city is desirable.
Answer: C
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NEW QUESTION 76
Now is an excellent time to invest in the catering business. A survey conducted by Weddings magazine found that 70 percent of the magazine's readers want a catered wedding reception. An analysis of the catering industry, however, shows that the current number of caterers can serve only 55 percent of the weddings likely to occur each year.
Which of the following, if true, reveals a weakness in the evidence cited above?
- A. Caterers are not evenly distributed across the country.
- B. Readers of Weddings magazine are more likely than most people to want a catered reception.
- C. The number of weddings with catered receptions has been growing each year for the past five years.
- D. Catering is a highly labor-intensive business.
- E. Weddings magazine includes both articles about catered receptions and articles about preparing food oneself for one's wedding reception.
Answer: B
Explanation:
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NEW QUESTION 77
Half of the subjects in an experiment - the experimental group - consumed large quantities of a popular artificial sweetener. Afterward, this group showed lower cognitive abilities than did the other half of the subjects - the control group - who did not consume the sweetener. The detrimental effects were attributed to an amino acid that is one of the sweetener's principal constituents.
Which of the following, if true, would best support the conclusion that some ingredient of the sweetener was responsible for the experimental results?
- A. The quantity of the sweetener consumed by individuals in the experimental group is considered safe by federal food regulators.
- B. A second experiment in which subjects consumed large quantities of the sweetener lacked a control group of subjects who were not given the sweetener.
- C. Most consumers of the sweetener do not consume as much of it as the experimental group members did.
- D. The amino acid referred to in the conclusion is a component of all proteins, some of which must be consumed for adequate nutrition.
- E. The two groups of subjects were evenly matched with regard to cognitive abilities prior to the experiment.
Answer: E
Explanation:
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NEW QUESTION 78
Psychologist: People tend instinctively to impose patterns on events even when such patterns are not really present. If early humans believed that a rustle in the grass indicated a dangerous predator when it was just the wind, they were more likely to survive than if they believed that it was just the wind when a dangerous predator was there. Thus, in a world of split-second interactions between predators and prey, a person who made an error of the first type was more likely to survive than a person who made an error of the second type.
So the tendency to make the first type of error is probably due to__________.
Which of the following would, if true, most logically complete the psychologist's argument?
- A. a decision people make to avoid taking risks
- B. a widespread fear of dangerous animals
- C. anxiety to avoid the first type of error
- D. evolutionary processes affecting the human species
- E. a tendency to treat hidden perils as more dangerous than obvious perils
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 79
Defense Department analysts worry that the ability of the United States to wage a prolonged war would be seriously endangered if the machine-tool manufacturing base shrinks further. Before the Defense Department publicly connected this security issue with the import quota issue, however, the machine-tool industry raised the national security issue in its petition for import quotas.
Which of the following, if true, contributes most to an explanation of the machine-tool industry's raising the issue above regarding national security?
- A. When the aircraft industries retooled, they provided a large amount of work for tool builders.
- B. The Defense Department is only marginally concerned with the effects of foreign competition on the machine-tool industry.
- C. A few weapons important for defense consist of parts that do not require extensive machining.
- D. Several federal government programs have been designed which will enable domestic machine-tool manufacturing firms to compete successfully with foreign toolmakers.
- E. The machine-tool industry encountered difficulty in obtaining governmental protection against imports on grounds other than defense.
Answer: E
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NEW QUESTION 80
Because the Dvorak keyboard puts vowels and other frequently used letters right under the fingers on home row, where typists make 70% of their keystrokes, people can type 20% to 30% faster and make 50% less errors.
- A. people can type 20% to 30% faster and make 50% less errors.
- B. people can type making 50% less errors and 20% to 30% faster.
- C. people can type 20% to 30% faster and make 50% fewer errors.
- D. people can type faster (20% to30%), making errors less than 50% of the time.
- E. people can type 20% to 30% faster while making 50% errors less.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Errors is a plural noun, so it should be modified by fewer, not less. Thus, choices a, b, and e are incorrect.
Choice e also reverses the word order, placing the modifier less after the noun. Choice d is incorrect because it is less concise than choice c and the placement of 20% to 30% in parenthesis is slightly awkward and less direct than in choice c.
NEW QUESTION 81
The more frequently employees that take a break for guided relaxation exercises during working hours each week, the fewer sick days they take. Even workers who take a guided relaxation break once a week during working hours take less sick leave than those who do not perform relaxation. Therefore, if companies started guided relaxation programs, the absentee rate in those companies would decrease significantly.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
- A. Employees who do guided relaxation exercises in their company's relaxation program use their working time no more productively than those who do not do relaxation exercises.
- B. Employees do guided relaxation exercises during working hours take slightly longer lunch breaks than employees who do not do relaxation exercise
- C. Employees who do guide relaxation exercises only once a week in their company's fitness program usually also do relaxation exercises at home.
- D. Employees who are frequently absent are the least likely to cooperate with or to join a corporate relaxation program.
- E. Employees who do guided relaxation exercises during working hours occasionally fall asleep for short periods of time after the exercises.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The best answer is C.
The passage challenges the validity of the theory that positively biased self- perception is closely correlated with normal human thought and good mental health by showing how a very high self-perception may lead to violent behavior.
NEW QUESTION 82
Between 1990 and 1998, occupancy in Branson Hospital averaged 79 percent of capacity, while admission rates remained constant, at an average of 9 admissions per 100 beds per year. Between 1998 and 2002, however, occupancy rates increased to an average of 85 percent of capacity, while admission rates declined to 8 per 100 beds per year.
Which of the following conclusions can be most properly drawn from the info given above?
- A. The average stay for Branson Hospital residents rose between 1998 and 2002.
- B. The proportion of children staying in Branson hospital was greater in 2002 than in 1990.
- C. The more beds a nursing home has, the higher its occupancy rate is likely to be.
- D. Hospitals built prior to 1998 generally had fewer beds than did hospitals built between 1998 and 2002.
- E. Hospital admission rates tend to decline whenever occupancy rates rise.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The best answer is A.
Choice A receives support from the fact stated above: between 1998 and 2002, Branson hospital occupancy rates rose though admission rats decline
NEW QUESTION 83
In an economic downturn, companies tempted to take advantage of Job applicants as unemployment rates rise should reconsider, for such actions could hurt these companies when the economy recovers. Researchers surveyed employees about their experiences as applicants with their current employers. Those who felt they had been treated unfairly during hiring were twice as likely to respond that they were looking for jobs outside their company, even after five years. Among the actions applicants considered unfair were slow responses from employers and pressure to accept offers quickly.
Which of the following would, if true, most strengthen the reasoning above?
- A. The unwillingness of a company to negotiate compensation levels is often considered unfair.
- B. A rising unemployment rate is a widely accepted indication of an economic downturn.
- C. An economic recovery usually occurs less than five years after the start of an economic downturn.
- D. Recovery from an economic downturn usually affects company profits before it affects hiring practices.
- E. During an economic downturn, the jobs available outside one's current company are usually limited.
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION 84
The value of a product is determined by the ratio of its quality to its price. The higher the value of a product, the better will be its competitive position. Therefore, either increasing the quality or lowering the price of a given product will increase the likelihood that consumer will select that product rather than a competing one.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn above?
- A. The competitive position of a product can be affected by such factors as advertising and brand loyalty.
- B. Competing products often try to appeal to different segments of the population of consumers.
- C. It is possible to increase both the quality and the price of a product without changing its competitive position.
- D. For certain segments of the population of consumers, higher-priced brands of some product lines are preferred to the lower-priced brands.
- E. Consumers' perceptions of the quality of a product are based on the actual quality of the product.
Answer: E
Explanation:
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NEW QUESTION 85
Sorenson and Audia would most likely agree with which of the following statements about the intrinsic advantages mentioned in the highlighted text?
- A. These advantages are insufficient as an explanation for geographic concentration of production.
- B. The benefits of these advantages are outweighed by intense competition from organizations outside local population boundaries.
- C. Geographic concentration of production is, in many cases, maintained I* the economic benefits provided by these advantages.
- D. These advantages are often related not to a particular location but to the colocation of structurally equivalent organizations Itself.
- E. The expectation that these advantages should lead to lower failure rates is supported by organizational ecology studies.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Organizations that produce similar goods tend to concentrate in the same geographic area (geographic concentration of production). Economic explanations of such industrial agglomeration explicitly emphasize better performance, and implicitly emphasize lower failure rates, as the key processes contributing to this geographic concentration. Sometimes Industries benefit economically from situating themselves in particular locations that offer intrinsic advantages such as access to scarce raw materials or proximity to consumers. In other cases, regardless of the particular location, the colocation of structurally equivalent organizations-those that operate in the same markets-may itself yield advantages such as common labor markets and knowledge spillovers.
Sorenson and Audia point out that these explanations Ignore the fact that structurally equivalent organizations also compete with one another for vital resources, and colocation would be expected to increase such competition. Organizational ecology studies support this expectation by showing that organizations apparently compete more intensely within local population boundaries.
Sorenson and Audia propose instead that what maintains geographic concentration is entrepreneurial opportunity, which leads to higher founding rates. Dense local concentrations of structurally equivalent organizations increase the pool of potential entrepreneurs in a region. Beginning entrepreneurs need exposure to existing organizations in the industry to acquire knowledge of the business, ties to scarce resources, and self-confidence. The existing geographic concentration of production constrains access to these resources, so that new founding's tend to reinforce geographic concentration.
NEW QUESTION 86
Advertisement: Of the many over-the-counter medications marketed for the relief of sinus headache. Sine Ease costs the least per dose. And Sine Ease is as effective per dose as the most effective of those other medications. So for relief from sinus headaches, Sine Ease is the best buy.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
- A. An over-the-counter medication that is marketed for the relief of symptoms of head cold is identical in composition to Sine Ease but costs less per dose.
- B. Many of the over-the-counter medications marketed for the relief of sinus headache contain the same active ingredient as Sine Ease.
- C. People who suffer from frequent sinus headaches are strongly advised to consult a doctor before taking any over-the-counter medication.
- D. The per dose price for any given over-the-counter medication marketed for the relief of sinus headache is higher for smaller packages than it is for larger packages.
- E. Most of the over-the-counter medications marketed for the relief of sinus headache are equally effective per dose in providing such relief.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 87
One state adds a 7 percent sales tax to the price of most products purchased within its jurisdiction. This tax, therefore, if viewed as tax on income, has the reverse effect of the federal income tax: the lower the income, the higher the annual percentage rate at which the income is taxed.
The conclusion above would be properly drawn if which of the following were assumed as a premise?
- A. The federal income tax favors citizens with high incomes, whereas the state sales tax favors citizens with low incomes.
- B. The amount of money citizens spend on products subject to the state tax tends to be equal across income levels.
- C. Citizens with low annual incomes can afford to pay a relatively higher percentage of their incomes in state sales tax, since their federal income tax is relatively low.
- D. The lower a state's sales tax, the more it will tend to redistribute income from the more affluent citizens to the rest of society.
- E. Citizens who fail to earn federally taxable income are also exempt from the state sales tax.
Answer: B
Explanation:
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NEW QUESTION 88
A drug that is highly effective in treating certain types of cancerous growth can, at present, be obtained only from the cartilage of a particular sub-species of shark, a sub-species which is quite rare in the wild.
One must kill 50 sharks to make one pound of the drug. If follows, therefore, that continued production of the drug must inevitably lead to the extinction of this sub-species of shark.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
- A. The sub-species of shark will reproduce in captivity under the proper conditions.
- B. This sub-species of shark generally lives in largely inaccessible waters.
- C. The drug made from the shark cartilage is dispensed to doctors from a central authority.
- D. Other organs of the shark can be utilized to produce different drugs.
- E. The drug made from the shark cartilage is expensive to produce.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The best answer is D.
If the shark can be successfully bred in captivity, it is possible to continue production of the drug without threatening the shark with extinction.
NEW QUESTION 89 
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
- E. 4
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 90
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